Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Neelu Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Non Wood Forest Produce Division, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482 021, M.P., IN

Abstract

Wild edible fungus, Astraeus hygromatricus was analysed for its nutritional and anti nutritional contents. 11.71% and 4.66% protein content was recorded in outer part and inner part of the fruit bodies, respectively which is comparable with other edible mushrooms. Fruit bodies contain high carbohydrate content i.e., 29.48% and 35.41% in outer and inner parts respectively. The ash content of A. hygrometricus is low (2.5%). Fungus samples are good source of minerals such as P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn. Two major vitamins i.e., water soluble vitamins, ascorbic acid and thiamine, were also found to be present in both inner and outer parts (3.26 and 0.26 mg/100g).

Keywords

Wild Edible Mushroom, Astraeus hygromatricus, Nutritional Content.

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Neelu Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482 021, M.P., IN

Abstract

Saponins were isolated from the neoil bearing forest seeds viz., Maduca indica, Sapindus mukrossi and their herbicidal activities were assessed under laboratory conditions at different dilutions against Echinochloa colanum, a notorious weed of silvi-agri (babul-paddy) agroforesty model. The effect of dilutions viz., 2.5, 5, 10% of saponin isolates on % germination, and ischolar_main and shoot length were recorded. The incorporation of 2.5%concentration of saponin dilutions of different species drastically reduced germination (35-47%) as compared thecontrol.No ischolar_main formationwas recorded in all treatments while 60.09-94.95% shoot length inhibition over control (3.27 cm) was recorded in different treatments. Screened species grow luxuriantly in tropical region and easily available source for the isolation of saponins, which can be utilized as a lead molecule for the synthesis of safer, eco-friendlyandmore economicalweed control agents.

Keywords

Echinochloa colanum, Saponin Glycosides, Neoil, Herbicidal Activities

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Neelu Singh ¹, R. K. Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482021, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Environmental concerns associated with the use of synthetic chemicals/petrochemical based pesticides have emphasized the importance of developing eco-friendly products with lower mammalian toxicity and a lower persistence in the environment. Seed chemicals of Pongamia pinnata were isolated and modified into saponified and amide products. Products derived from P. pinnata protein were completely soluble in water and their aqueous solutions are clear at room temperature, while saponified products showed turbidity at higher concentrations. The surface tension and viscosity of saponified products were found to be changed with dilutions, 0.03-0.05 N/m, 0.45-1.35 mpa.s at 0.1 to 5% concentrations, respectively, while surface tension and viscosity of diethanolamide product ranged from 0.036 to 0.020 N/m and 0.023 mpa.s to 1.02 mpa.s at 0.1 to 10% concentration, respectively. The properties of both products showed better surface tension lowering ability and wetting power in comparison to water. Significant (P=0.01) fungal growth inhibition was recorded at higher dilution against the tested fungus, Flavodon flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum. The diethanolamide product showed complete fungal growth inhibition at 5.0% dilution even after 7 days against F. flavus and P. chrysogenum. The present study concludes that surfactant formulation of non edible oil seeds contains fungicidal activities. The different dilutions exhibited pronounced toxicity against the target fungal species.

Keywords

Pongamia pinnata, Seed Chemicals, Saponified Products, Fungicidal Activity.

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